分子流行病学简介
分子流行病学描述了确定疾病遗传基础的过程，其中包括宿主和病原体中影响感染、传播和预防的变异。研究人员会确定感染源、传播途径以及与毒力和耐药性相关的分子途径和基因，以此来支持医院感染的控制和流行病学调查。
传统的病原体鉴定和表征方法通常以一系列假设为指导，并且只针对有限数量的生物体进行了优化。
用于分子流行病学的新一代测序
新一代测序（NGS）可以对多种分离物进行高度准确、无假设的分析，能取代用于鉴定生物体及检测耐药性和毒力的多种检测方法。利用全基因组测序数据进行高分辨率病原体分型可以区分许多当前方法无法区分的生物体。
NGS的一个重要优势是研究人员可以生成能够鉴定一系列生物（细菌、病毒和寄生虫）的基因组序列数据。检测基因组间的变异可以支持横断研究，有助于更好地了解引起感染和传播的机制，并且能通过系统发育分析来确定生物之间的亲缘关系。
NGS在分子流行病学中的主要应用是全基因组测序。
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