Formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-Seq), or sonication of crosslinked chromatin (Sono-seq) is based on differences in crosslinking efficiencies between DNA and nucleosomes or sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. In this method, DNA-protein complexes are briefly crosslinked in vivo using formaldehyde. The sample is then lysed and sonicated. After phenol/chloroform extraction, the DNA in the aqueous phase is purified and sequenced. Sequencing provides information for regions of DNA that are not occupied by histones.